Name : Dede Saripah
Npm : 11211799
Class : 4EA17
CONDITIONAL
SENTENCES
A.
Definition
Conditional sentences are sentences
expressing factual implications, or hypothetical situations and their
consequences. They are so called because the validity of the main clause of the
sentence is conditional on the existence of certain circumstances, which may be
expressed in a dependent clause or may be understood from the context.
A full conditional sentence (one
which expresses the condition as well as its consequences) therefore contains
two clauses: the dependent clause expressing the condition, called the
protasis; and the main clause expressing the consequence, called the apodosis
(wikipedia).
Conditional Sentences are also known
as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action
in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain
condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled.
B.
Types of a Conditional Sentence
1.
Type I (Future)
The type 1 conditional is used
to refer to the present or future where the situation
is real. The type 1 conditional refers to a possible condition and its
probable result.
The formula:
|
If Clause
|
Main
Clause
|
|
If +
Simple Present tense
|
Future tense (will,can,may+verb1 )
|
Example;
1.
If you ask me, i will help you.
2.
If
you study hard, You will finish your thesis.
3.
If
you don’t hurry, You will miss the train.
4.
If
i have enough money, I will buy the Victoria Secret.
5.
If
i have enough time, i will watch the Java Jazz Festival
6.
If
he is here tommorow, he will help me finish my homework.
2.
Type II (Present)
"Second conditional" refers to
the pattern where the condition clause is in the past tense, and the
consequence in conditional mood (using would or, in the
first person and rarely, should). This is used for hypothetical,
counterfactual situations in a present or future time frame (where the
condition expressed is known to be false or is presented as unlikely).
Is a structure used for talking about unreal
situations in the present or in the future. The second conditional is used to
talk about things which are unreal (not true or not possible) in the present or
the future, things which don’t or won’t happen.
The formula:
|
If Clause
|
Main
Clause
|
|
If +
Simple Past tense
|
Past Future tense (would ,could,might+
verb1)
|
Example;
1.
If he called me now, I would be very
happy
Fact:
He doesn’t call me now, so i’m not happy
2.
If you came, you would see my
boyfriend
Fact:
You don’t see my boyfriend because you don’t come
3.
If I had money, I could buy the iphone
6
Fact: I
don’t have money, so I can’t buy the iphone 6
4.
If i were you, I would take the
chance.
Fact: I
don’t take the chance because i’m not you
5.
If i had time, I could go to cinema.
Fact: I dont
have time, so I can’t go to cinema
3.
Type III (Past)
"Third
conditional" is the pattern where the condition clause is in the past perfect,
and the consequence is expressed using the conditional perfect. This is used to refer to
hypothetical, counterfactual (or believed likely to be counterfactual)
situations in the past.
The formula:
|
If Clause
|
Main
Clause
|
|
If +
Past Perfect tense
|
Past Future Perfect tense
(would /could/might have +
past participle)
|
Example;
1.
If
she had been beautiful, you would have liked.
Fact: She was not beautiful, so you didn’t
like her
2.
If
you hadn’t practiced well, you would not have won the competition.
Fact: You practiced well, so you won the
competition
3.
If you had gone to the grocery,
You would have got a milk.
Fact : You were not go to the grocery, So you didn’t
get a milk.
4.
If he had
driven carefully, he would have not got accident.
Fact: He was not drive carefully, so he
got accident
REFERENCE:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_sentence#First_conditional
http://www.edufind.com/english-grammar/conditional/
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/conditional2.htm
https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences/type-3
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